创建第一个工作流

工作流 (Workflow) 让 OpenClaw 能够自动化执行一系列任务。这一页带你理解工作流的概念、创建方式，以及如何让工作流真正提升效率。

工作流是什么

工作流是一系列预定义的步骤，在特定条件下自动执行。比如：

• 每日摘要 - 每天早上自动汇总昨天的消息和任务
• 消息转发 - 将特定类型的消息自动转发到其他渠道
• 数据处理 - 定时获取数据、处理并生成报告
• 提醒系统 - 根据条件发送提醒通知

工作流的核心要素：

创建简单工作流

通过 Control UI 创建

1. 打开 openclaw dashboard
2. 进入 Workflows 页面
3. 点击 "Create Workflow"
4. 配置触发器和步骤

通过配置文件创建

工作流配置文件位于 ~/.openclaw/workflows/：

{
  "id": "daily-summary",
  "name": "每日摘要",
  "description": "每天早上生成昨日活动摘要",
  "trigger": {
    "type": "schedule",
    "cron": "0 8 * * *"
  },
  "steps": [
    {
      "id": "collect-messages",
      "type": "action",
      "action": "getMessages",
      "params": {
        "timeRange": "yesterday"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "generate-summary",
      "type": "ai",
      "prompt": "根据以下消息生成一份简洁的每日摘要：\n{{collect-messages.result}}"
    },
    {
      "id": "send-notification",
      "type": "action",
      "action": "sendMessage",
      "params": {
        "channel": "telegram",
        "message": "{{generate-summary.result}}"
      }
    }
  ]
}

触发器类型

定时触发

{
  "trigger": {
    "type": "schedule",
    "cron": "0 8 * * *"
  }
}

常用 cron 表达式：

事件触发

{
  "trigger": {
    "type": "event",
    "event": "message.received",
    "filter": {
      "channel": "telegram",
      "contains": "urgent"
    }
  }
}

手动触发

{
  "trigger": {
    "type": "manual"
  }
}

Webhook 触发

{
  "trigger": {
    "type": "webhook",
    "path": "/webhook/custom",
    "method": "POST"
  }
}

步骤类型

AI 步骤

使用 AI 模型处理内容：

{
  "id": "analyze",
  "type": "ai",
  "model": "gpt-4",
  "prompt": "分析以下内容的情感倾向：\n{{input.text}}",
  "output": "sentiment"
}

动作步骤

执行预定义动作：

{
  "id": "send-email",
  "type": "action",
  "action": "sendEmail",
  "params": {
    "to": "user@example.com",
    "subject": "每日报告",
    "body": "{{generate-report.result}}"
  }
}

条件步骤

根据条件分支执行：

{
  "id": "check-priority",
  "type": "condition",
  "conditions": [
    {
      "if": "{{message.priority}} == 'high'",
      "then": ["notify-urgent"]
    },
    {
      "if": "{{message.priority}} == 'normal'",
      "then": ["queue-normal"]
    }
  ],
  "default": ["queue-low"]
}

循环步骤

遍历处理数据：

{
  "id": "process-items",
  "type": "loop",
  "over": "{{data.items}}",
  "steps": [
    {
      "id": "process-item",
      "type": "action",
      "action": "processItem",
      "params": {
        "item": "{{loop.current}}"
      }
    }
  ]
}

实用工作流示例

自动回复工作流

{
  "id": "auto-reply",
  "name": "智能自动回复",
  "trigger": {
    "type": "event",
    "event": "message.received",
    "filter": {
      "hours": { "outside": "9-18" }
    }
  },
  "steps": [
    {
      "id": "classify",
      "type": "ai",
      "prompt": "判断这条消息是否需要立即回复：\n{{message.text}}\n\n回复 yes 或 no"
    },
    {
      "id": "check-urgent",
      "type": "condition",
      "conditions": [
        {
          "if": "{{classify.result}} == 'yes'",
          "then": ["reply-urgent"]
        }
      ],
      "default": ["reply-later"]
    },
    {
      "id": "reply-urgent",
      "type": "action",
      "action": "sendMessage",
      "params": {
        "channel": "{{message.channel}}",
        "message": "收到您的消息，我会尽快处理。"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reply-later",
      "type": "action",
      "action": "sendMessage",
      "params": {
        "channel": "{{message.channel}}",
        "message": "感谢您的消息，我会在工作时间回复您。"
      }
    }
  ]
}

数据收集工作流

{
  "id": "data-collection",
  "name": "每日数据收集",
  "trigger": {
    "type": "schedule",
    "cron": "0 6 * * *"
  },
  "steps": [
    {
      "id": "fetch-analytics",
      "type": "action",
      "action": "httpRequest",
      "params": {
        "url": "https://api.example.com/analytics",
        "method": "GET"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "process-data",
      "type": "ai",
      "prompt": "根据以下数据生成简报：\n{{fetch-analytics.result}}"
    },
    {
      "id": "save-report",
      "type": "action",
      "action": "saveFile",
      "params": {
        "path": "/reports/daily-{{date}}.md",
        "content": "{{process-data.result}}"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "notify",
      "type": "action",
      "action": "sendMessage",
      "params": {
        "channel": "telegram",
        "message": "每日报告已生成：{{process-data.result}}"
      }
    }
  ]
}

管理工作流

查看工作流

# 列出所有工作流
openclaw workflows list

# 查看工作流详情
openclaw workflows show daily-summary

# 查看执行历史
openclaw workflows history daily-summary

手动执行

# 立即执行工作流
openclaw workflows run daily-summary

# 带参数执行
openclaw workflows run daily-summary --param date=2026-03-12

启用/禁用

# 禁用工作流
openclaw workflows disable daily-summary

# 启用工作流
openclaw workflows enable daily-summary

调试工作流

测试模式

# 测试运行（不执行实际动作）
openclaw workflows test daily-summary --dry-run

# 查看详细日志
openclaw workflows test daily-summary --verbose

日志查看

# 查看工作流日志
openclaw workflows logs daily-summary

# 实时监控
openclaw workflows logs daily-summary --follow

最佳实践

1. 保持简单

每个工作流专注于单一目标，避免过于复杂的逻辑。

2. 添加错误处理

{
  "steps": [
    {
      "id": "risky-action",
      "type": "action",
      "action": "externalApi",
      "onError": {
        "retry": 3,
        "fallback": "notify-error"
      }
    }
  ]
}

3. 使用变量

{
  "variables": {
    "reportPath": "/reports/{{date}}",
    "recipients": ["user1@example.com", "user2@example.com"]
  }
}

4. 记录执行

{
  "logging": {
    "enabled": true,
    "level": "info",
    "includeSteps": true
  }
}

常见问题

工作流不执行

检查：

• 触发器配置是否正确
• 工作流是否已启用
• 时区设置是否正确

步骤执行失败

检查：

• 参数是否正确
• 依赖服务是否可用
• 查看错误日志

性能问题

优化建议：

• 减少不必要的步骤
• 使用并行执行
• 缓存重复计算

下一步

• 自动化工作流最佳实践
• 工具配置指南
• Hooks 概述